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PRC2

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PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2) is one of the two classes of <a href="Polycomb-group_proteins" title="Polycomb-group proteins">polycomb-group proteins</a> or (PcG). The other component of this group of proteins is PRC1 (<a href="Polycomb_repressive_complex_1" title="Polycomb repressive complex 1">Polycomb Repressive Complex 1</a>).

This complex has <a href="Histone" title="Histone">histone</a> <a href="Methyltransferase" title="Methyltransferase">methyltransferase</a> activity and primarily methylates <a href="Histone_H3" title="Histone H3">histone H3</a> on <a href="Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a> 27 (i.e. <a href="H3K27me3" title="H3K27me3">H3K27me3</a>),<a href="#cite_note-pmid22211105-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21367748-2">[2]</a> a mark of transcriptionally silent <a href="Chromatin" title="Chromatin">chromatin</a>. PRC2 is required for initial targeting of genomic region (PRC Response Elements or PRE) to be silenced, while PRC1 is required for stabilizing this <a href="Gene_silencing" title="Gene silencing">silencing</a> and underlies <a href="Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">cellular memory</a> of silenced region after <a href="Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">cellular differentiation</a>. PRC1 also <a href="Mono-ubiquitinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mono-ubiquitinate">mono-ubiquitinates</a> <a href="Histone_H2A" title="Histone H2A">histone H2A</a> on lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub1). These <a href="Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> are required for long term epigenetic silencing of chromatin and have an important role in <a href="Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a> differentiation and early <a href="Embryo" title="Embryo">embryonic</a> development. PRC2 are present in most <a href="Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">multicellular organisms</a>.

The mouse PRC2 has four subunits: <a href="SUZ12" title="SUZ12">Suz12</a> (<a href="Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">zinc finger</a>), <a href="Polycomb_protein_EED" title="Polycomb protein EED">Eed</a>, <a href="Ezh1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezh1">Ezh1</a> or <a href="Ezh2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezh2">Ezh2</a> (<a href="SET_domain" title="SET domain">SET domain</a> with histone methyltransferase activity<a href="#cite_note-pmid22211105-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21367748-2">[2]</a>) and <a href="Rbbp4" class="mw-redirect" title="Rbbp4">Rbbp4</a> (histone <a href="Binding_domain" title="Binding domain">binding domain</a>). PRC2 can bind to H3K27me3 and repress neighboring <a href="Nucleosome" title="Nucleosome">nucleosomes</a>, thus spreading the repression.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

PRC2 has a role in <a href="X_chromosome_inactivation" class="mw-redirect" title="X chromosome inactivation">X chromosome inactivation</a>, in maintenance of stem cell fate,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and in imprinting. Aberrant expression of PRC2 has been observed in <a href="Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid22211105-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21367748-2">[2]</a> Both loss and gain-of-function mutations in PRC2 components have been identified in various human <a href="Cancer_epigenetics" title="Cancer epigenetics">cancers</a>, suggesting complex roles of these components in malignancy.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28758948-5">[5]</a>

Polycomb group genes directly and indirectly regulate the <a href="DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)" title="DNA damage (naturally occurring)">DNA damage</a> response which acts as an anti-cancer barrier.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28758948-5">[5]</a> The PRC2 complex appears to be present at sites of DNA double-strand breaks where it promotes repair of such breaks by <a href="Non-homologous_end_joining" title="Non-homologous end joining">non-homologous end joining</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28758948-5">[5]</a>

The PRC2 is <a href="Common_descent" title="Common descent">evolutionarily conserved</a>, and has been found in mammals, insects, fungi, and plants.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_plants">In plants</h2></div>

In <a href="Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis thaliana</a>, a plant <a href="Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organism</a>, several variants of the core subunits have been identified. <a href="Homologous_chromosomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Homologous chromosomes">Homologs</a> of the Suz12 subunit are: Embryonic flower 2 (EMF2), reduced vernalization response 2 (VRN2), fertilization independent seed 2 (FIS2).<a href="#cite_note-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010-6">[6]</a> There is one Eed homolog, fertilization independent endosperm (FIE).<a href="#cite_note-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010-6">[6]</a> three Ezh1/Ezh2 homologs, curly leaf (CLF), swinger (SWN), medea (MEA),<a href="#cite_note-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010-6">[6]</a> and one Rbbp4 homolog, multicopy suppressor of IRA1 (MSI1).<a href="#cite_note-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010-6">[6]</a> Many other accessory components of PRC2 complex in Arabidopsis have been identified<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/6/1/8">[1]</a>.

<ul><li><a href="Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">Epigenetics</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFYoo_KH,_Hennighausen_L2012" class="citation journal cs1">Yoo KH, Hennighausen L (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3226033">"EZH2 methyltransferase and H3K27 methylation in breast cancer"</a>. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 8 (1): 59–65. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7150%2Fijbs.8.59">10.7150/ijbs.8.59</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3226033">3226033</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22211105">22211105</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid21367748-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid21367748_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid21367748_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid21367748_2-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFChase_A,_Cross_NC2011" class="citation journal cs1">Chase A, Cross NC (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/17/9/2613.long">"Aberrations of EZH2 in cancer"</a>. Clinical Cancer Research. 17 (9): 2613–2618. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1078-0432.CCR-10-2156">10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2156</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21367748">21367748</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGeislerParo2015" class="citation journal cs1">Geisler, Sarah J.; Paro, Renato (2015-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/17/2876">"Trithorax and Polycomb group-dependent regulation: a tale of opposing activities"</a>. Development. 142 (17): 2876–2887. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.120030">10.1242/dev.120030</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850%2F104579">20.500.11850/104579</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-1991">0950-1991</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26329598">26329598</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Heurtier, V., Owens, N., Gonzalez, I. et al. The molecular logic of Nanog-induced self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 10, 1109 (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09041-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09041-z</a>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid28758948-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid28758948_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid28758948_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid28758948_5-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFVenetiGkouskouEliopoulos2017" class="citation journal cs1">Veneti Z, Gkouskou KK, Eliopoulos AG (July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578047">"Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 in Genomic Instability and Cancer"</a>. Int J Mol Sci. 18 (8): 1657. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms18081657">10.3390/ijms18081657</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578047">5578047</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28758948">28758948</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Köhler_and_Hennig_2010_6-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFKoehlerHennig2010" class="citation journal cs1">Koehler, Claudia; Hennig, Lars (2010). "Regulation of cell identity by plant Polycomb and trithorax group proteins". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 20 (5): 541–547. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gde.2010.04.015">10.1016/j.gde.2010.04.015</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20684877">20684877</a>.</cite>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-01-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=PRC2&oldid=1193520666">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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